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Plant Stem Cell Cancer Fighters: Nature’s Winning Team in Maintaining Good Prostate Health
Introduction Good prostate health is threatened by three major pathological afflictions: (1) benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), (2) prostate cancer and (3) chronic inflammatory prostatitis (CIP). CIP has been the least studied, and its incidence has been underestimated until a decade ago. Opinions differ on the relationship between prostate inflammation and prostate cancer. One school of thought proposes that inflammation leads to or increases prostate carcinogenesis, while the other group suggests that inflammation actually prevents prostate carcinogenesis. As the prostate enlarges, it may cause either (1) dysuria, i.e., hindered urine flow, or (2) nocturia, a frequent urge to urinate, or a feeling that the bladder is not fully emptied). According to the American Urology Association, about 50% of men will have some degree of BPH by the time they are 60 years old, and up to 90% will be affected by age 80. BPH is more prevalent than prostate cancer.
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that about 10 million new cancer cases are occurring around the world annually, and this number is expected to reach 15 million by the year 2015. According to the National Cancer Institute, cancer of the prostate is the most common cancer among American men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths (after lung cancer). In the U.S., there are still 28,000 men dying of prostate cancer each year--and we certainly are not overtreating them. In Canada, 1 in 7 men will develop prostate cancer in their lifetime. Thus it behooves us to know specifically which cancers need to be treated. Using the Gleason score, based on the pattern of abnormal cells seen in the biopsy, a score of 6 means the cancer is at or below low-grade, whereas a score of 7 or above is more cause for concern.
Prostate cancer is caused by the sea of xenoestrogens in which we live. Dr. John R. Lee concluded in his research that the overabundance of estrogens and xenoestrogens (foreign estrogens) are responsible for a vast number of today's health problems. Estrogen dominance is an increasingly serious problem for both women and men. Dr. Lee believed that excessive exposure to estrogen is the primary cause of prostate enlargement and prostate cancer. (Reference: Dr. John Lee, Hormone Balance for Men. Hormones Etc. 2003.)
It has long been a common misperception that testosterone causes prostate cancer. Young men have high levels of testosterone, but, with age, men experience declining levels. If testosterone were the cause of prostate cancer, then all of the young men would be dying of prostate cancer. Studies have clearly shown that men with the highest level of testosterone have the least prostate enlargement. Conversely, men with the highest level of estrogen have the highest amount of enlarged prostates. Thus, age-related decline in testosterone levels and increasing levels of estrogen together account for prostate enlargement and prostate cancer in men. When the level of blood serum progesterone falls in men, the amount of conversion from testosterone to dihydrotestosterone DHT increases. Unfortunately, DHT is not as powerful an inhibitor of cancer cells as testosterone. Progesterone is the chief inhibitor of an enzyme called 5-alpha reductase, which is responsible for converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a much more potent derivative that is linked to prostate cancer. When the level of testosterone decreases in men, the relative level of estradiol increases. Estradiol turns on BCL2 oncogene and increases the risk of prostate cancer if adequate amounts of progesterone or estrogen disruptors with plant sterols and sterolins are insufficient to counteract its effect through stimulation of the P53 cancer protection gene. Numerous studies have clearly demonstrated that estrogen disruptors (or agonists) and or progesterone reverse BPH and prostate cancer. Screening Tests While a PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) test is not perfect, it remains the gold standard screening tool when it comes to detecting prostate cancer. But it only looks for elevated levels of prostate and not prostate cancer. PSA exists in the blood either free or bound to the proteins alpha-1-antichymotrypsin or alpha-2-macroglobulin. People with prostate cancer have more of the form bound to alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and less of the free form than do healthy men or those with benign diseases of the prostate. Initial screening for prostate cancer commonly uses the total PSA test, which measures all but the third form of PSA. If the result is slightly elevated, follow-up testing is often performed using another test that measures free PSA. These tests have been criticized by some as being associated with too many false positives and false negatives. It was hoped that the new CPSA test would replace these so that only a single screening test would be needed.
In a study by researchers from Johns Hopkins and the New York University School of Medicine, the CPSA test (1) demonstrated improved specificity over a total PSA assay, reducing the number of false positives and (2) concluded that CPSA could be used as a first-line test for prostate cancer screening.
However, in several studies published this year, the advantage of CPSA over total and free PSA tests was less convincing. In a trial at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, the CPSA assay was only found to be equivalent to a total PSA test for early detection. In another study of 535 patients conducted by McGill University, the ratio of free-to-total PSA performed better than either CPSA or total PSA alone in prostate cancer detection.
A new urine test can tell prostate cancer from an enlarged prostate but cannot tell whether the cancer is deadly. San Diego-based Gen-Probe is approved in some European countries, but not in the U.S. It detects genetic material—RNA—from prostate cancer gene 3 or PCA3. PCA3 (previously known as the DD3 gene) is found only in the prostate. When prostate cells become cancerous, their PCA3 genes go wild. Prostate cancer cells express 60 to 100 times more PCA3 RNA than normal cells.
The studies showed (1) the PCA3 test is not influenced by the size of the prostate, even in people with BPH, and (2) the test can help men decide whether they need a repeat prostate biopsy. Prostate biopsy involves multiple needle punctures into the walnut-sized prostate gland. PCA3 is among the most prostate-cancer-specific markers ever identified. A recent improvement to the value of the Prostate Specific Antigen Density (PSAD) is doing a PSAD of the transition zone (TZ) of the prostate (PSAD-TZ). PSAD-TZ has been shown to be more accurate than a simple PSAD of the entire prostate gland.
New studies at Johns Hopkins of a blood protein recently identified as early prostate cancer antigen-2 (EPCA-2) may change the way men are screened for prostate cancer. “A blood test based on EPCA-2 may greatly improve our ability to accurately detect prostate cancer early and minimize the number of false positives, therefore lowering the number of unnecessary biopsies,” says Getzenberg. “In addition, this is the first time we have a test that effectively distinguishes between men with cancer confined to the prostate and those whose disease has spread outside of the gland.” Tessera Diagnostics in Seattle has developed the EPCA test (available at Unipath, LLC in Denver, Colorado), and it will soon be offered by pathology laboratories throughout the country, as well as major prostate cancer centers. Pathologists will use the test to assist in the detection of prostate cancer in biopsy tissue samples in ways not currently possible, and will then report their findings to the patient’s urologist.
In the April issue of Urology, researchers reported finding the EPCA-2 blood test far more effective than the traditional PSA. According to Nature, researchers took the first steps towards devising a urine test for detecting prostate cancer (February 2009). A chemical fingerprint called sarcosine can be found in high levels in the urine of men with aggressive cancer of the prostate, thus providing a potential biomarker of the disease. Researchers found that concentrations of sarcosine were high in 79% of samples with metastatic prostate cancer and in 42% of the samples of early-stage cancer.
Stromal protein (caveolin-1), a new marker for advanced prostate cancer and metastasis of the disease, has been identified by US researchers. Prostate tissue from men with localized prostate cancer revealed that the men had significantly decreased levels of a stromal protein called caveolin-1. The researchers also found that the protein was not present in tumor tissue from men with metastatic prostate cancer. Lower levels of caveolin-1 were associated with a high Gleason score. The absence of this stromal protein caveolin-1 is also associated with advanced tumor stage, early recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer.
Men with advanced cancer--those with the highest level of C-reactive protein—died significantly sooner than men with lower levels. C-reactive protein is a sign of inflammation, which doctors increasingly think is associated with cancer progression and cancer resistance to treatment. A recent remedy, Serraflazyme, has shown to reduce inflammation. Serraflazyme is an anti-inflammatory proteolytic enzyme, the enzyme isolated from the micro-organism, serratia E15, naturally present in silk worm intestines. Serraflazyme is a naturally-occurring, physiologic agent with no inhibitory effects on prostaglandins and is devoid of gastrointestinal effects.
Primary blood tests: PSA, PAP, testosterone panel, estradiol, progesterone, LH, prolactin.
Lymphocytes subset panel: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, NK, percentage and absolute count, not just percentage. Secondary tests: CGA, CEA, NSE, TGF-b1, IL-6Sr, CA 125.
Urine: HCG
PSC Plant Stem CellsTM Cancer Fighters:
Nature has provided an effective formula to maintain and restore good prostate health. The most effective cancer-fighting plants for the treatment of prostate cancer are those which contain oncophytoembryonic properties. The term oncophytoembryonic refers to phytochemical properties or agents of young plants used for the treatment of cancer (hence onco for oncology, the study of cancer; phyto for phytology, the study of plants; and embryonic for young plant tissue). A closer look at the plant properties found in PSC extracts will show how specific sterols, lignans, isoflavones, stress hormones and other inhibitory and neutralizing agents help to disrupt estrogen receptors and, by doing so, form a cancer-fighting team as estrogen blockers to protect the prostate tissue. Other activities decrease the binding affinities of many cancers. These plants detoxify and decongest the prostate and build up or regulate the immune system. Please note that there is a lot more to these plants phytochemistry than what is presented here these are only synopsis. If you care to learn more about these embryonic plants phytochemicals please visit us and join our educational webinar presented by Elizabeth Sheehan DC www.plantstemcells.net
★SOURCES OF ONCOPHYTOEMBRYONIC PROPERTIES
★Ash – Fraxinus excelsior (buds): Oncology Investigational: Antitumor, Anticarcinomic, Apoptotic. Potential for Neuroblastoma which is a cancer that forms in nerve tissue. It usually begins in the adrenal glands, which sit atop your kidneys. It may also begin in your neck, chest or spinal cord. Betulin a pentacyclic triterpenoid Inhibitors of Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibit Human Prostate Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Reduce the Release of Matrix Metalloproteinases and induce apoptosis. A significant antioxidant effects of Fraxetin on glutathione status redox status, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta-mediated apoptosis by Fas pathway inhibition in human osteoblastic cell line MG-63. Fraxetin not only inhibited anti-Fas IgM-induced apoptosis, but also blocked the synergetic effect of anti-Fas IgM with TNF-alpha or IL-1beta on cell death.
Beech – Fagus sylvatica (buds): Prevents prostate cancer. Lignans and human consumption produce a large scale of human health implications. Studies have shown a correlation between the high consumption of lignans and the reduced risks of diseases such as prostate cancer. Lignans work on the immune system through the induction of cell differentiation, suppression of angiogenesis, and inhibition of tyrosine kinases and topoisomerases. If there is little estrogen in the body post-menopause, for example, lignans may act like weak estrogen; but when natural estrogen is too abundant in the body, lignans may instead reduce estrogen's effects by displacing it from cells. This displacement of the hormone may help prevent those cancers--breast and prostate cancers, for example--that depend on estrogen to start and develop.
Bilberry – Vaccinium myrtillus (young shoots): Prostate Adenoma. Prevents prostate cancer. Ferulic acid seems to reduce the risk of prostate cancer also a powerful anti-inflammatory.
Black Currant – Ribes nigrum (buds): Use as diuretic; as anti-inflammatory for edema, gout, renal insufficiency, prostate adenoma, post-glomerulonephritis; stimulates the kidneys; reduces prostaglandin E-2 production; contains (1) Indole Acetic Acid IAA to remove excess xenoestrogens, (2) kaempferol and quercetin to disrupt estrogen receptors, and (3) cytokinin to improve the immunity.
Black Elder – Sambucus nigra (buds): Contains beta-sitosterol for lowering cholesterol and easing symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). A study published by The Lancet showed that men with BPH who took beta-sitosterol had significant improvements to urinary symptoms. Beta-sitosterol seems to reduce the cholesterol level in the prostate; also contains high amounts of vitamin A.
★Black Poplar – Populus nigra (buds): Contains galangin, an aromatase inhibitor, to prevent the conversion of testosterone to estrogen in both men and women.
Boxwood – Buxus sempervirens (young shoots): Contains CLA and linoleic acids, which decrease the risk for prostate cancer. Improves CD4 T-Cells main regulator of the immune system. Bramble – Rubus fructicosus (young shoots): Contains ellagic acid, which has shown effectiveness in prostate cancer prevention.
Crab Apple – Malus sylvestris (buds): Use at 1:10 double strength. The fluid produced by the prostate gland also contains glutamic acid and may play a role in the normal function of the prostate.
★Chaste Tree – Vitex agnus castus (young shoots): Reduces elevated prolactin, which may be a risk factor for prostate enlargement in men; also stimulates progesterone production. Treatment not only of benign prostatic hyperplasia but also of human prostate cancer. Apoptosis-inducing and potential cytotoxic effects Elm – Ulmus campestris (buds): Contains Alpha Sitosterol. Plant sterols have many claimed health benefits. Studies show that plant sterols have a weak estrogenic effect and that they act as weak agonists for estrogen receptors. Plant sterols have a structure similar to that of cholesterol. Plant sterols can modulate the immune system and can replace cholesterol in the intestinal micelles, thereby reducing cholesterol absorption. Epidemiological studies also show that consumption of plant sterols reduces the risk of cancer of colon, prostate, ovary, stomach and breast. Research has also shown that phytosterols such as beta-sitosterol may help normalize the function of T-helper lymphocytes and natural killer cells following stressful events. Beta-sitosterol seems to reduce the cholesterol level in the prostate and may work through its anti-inflammatory activity.
★European Alder – Alnus glutinosa (buds): Contains Emodin, as anti-aggregant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antiseptic, antitumor (yeast, leukemia, oral, prostate). Emodin treatment has shown to repress androgen-dependent transactivation of AR by inhibiting AR nuclear translocation. Emodin decreases the association of AR and heat shock protein 90 and increases the association of AR and MDM2, which in turn induces AR degradation through proteasome-mediated pathway in a ligand-independent manner. (See more about androgens under Silver Birch.) Emodin is capable of inhibiting cellular proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and preventing metastasis.
Giant Redwood – Sequoia gigantea (young shoots): This is one of the few plants in nature to contain vitamin D. The vitamin D receptor belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of steroid/thyroid hormone receptors, and VDR are expressed by cells in most organs, including the brain, heart, skin, gonads, prostate, and breast. Use as tonic for prostate hypertrophy and adenoma (improves urinary comfort by decongesting and shrinking the prostate), and chronic prostatitis). Dosage: 3 to 30 drops, 3 times a day, depending on size of the prostate and how obstructive in urinary flow.
★Grape Vine – Vitis vinifera (buds): Contains coumarin (phenylpropanoids) as anticancer, antitumor (prostate); stimulates white blood cells in leucopenia. Resveratrol also increases the production of certain enzymes that have the capability to get rid of harmful estrogen metabolites. Resveratrol which induces apoptosis has anti-inflammatory properties and may be very useful for colon cancer prevention and for prevention of a wide variety of other tumors.
★Grey Alder – Alnus incana (buds): Use as a powerful anti-inflammatory; as lupeol apoptotic-chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer. The antifertility activity of lupeol to significant reduce the weight of reproductive organs, i.e., testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate, was observed. "It may be possible to use (lupeol) in other cancers because it is able to suppress the NFkB protein, which is activated in many cancers like prostate cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, and liver cancer.”
Horsetail – Equisetum arvense (young shoots): Silica content will assist in chelating a calcified prostate. However, to reduce the size of a prostate it is first necessary to make it malleable. Use as diuretic; excellent astringent for the genito-urinary system, urethral stricture, urinary lithiasis, prostate enlargement, dysuria. ★Lemon Tree – Citrus limonum (bark): Contains seselin (coumarin) with cytotoxic properties and potent anti-inflammatory agents (serrapeptase, a proteolytic enzyme). Serrapeptase is a naturally-occurring, physiological agent with no inhibitory effects on prostaglandins and is devoid of gastrointestinal side effects.
★Maidenhair Tree – Ginkgo biloba (buds): Acacetin (AC), one of the three flavonoid compounds with same flavone ring structure but different substitution as linarin (LN) and linarin acetate (LA), has been shown to be effective against human prostate cancer (PCA) LNCaP and DU145 cells. AC showed more potent anticancer efficacy among these three flavonoids, which was diminished when its flavone ring was modified by disaccharide rhamnose substitution at C7 (LN) or acetylation of this substituted group (LA). These findings revealed for the first time the structural determinants in anticancer efficacy and mechanisms of these flavonoids against human PCA cells.
★★Maize – Zea mais (embryonic germinating seed-rootlets): Use as an anti-inflammatory for prostate adenoma and androgen hormone-dependent/independent cancers and other androgen conditions, hyper or hypo functions. (Refer to section on Silver Birch embryonic seeds to find out more about biological activities of plant growth, immune and stress hormones.)
★Mountain Pine – Pinus montana (buds): Chamazulene is a natural profen with anti-inflammatory activity similar to fully synthetic ibuprofen drug substances; used as prostaglandin inhibitor; also contains taxifolin, an anti-inflammatory; potent antioxidant (stronger than that of tocopherol and carotene); anti-mutagenic; anti-tumor; anticancer; antitumor in breast, colon, gastric, pancreas, prostate; apoptotic. Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins. OPC’s are much more effective at low doses than aspirin. Anticancer, Antitumor Breast, Colon, Gastric, Pancreas, Prostate. Apoptotic. ★Oriental Plane Tree – Platanus orientalis (buds): Contains Kaempferol to disrupt estrogen receptors; induces apoptosis; as aromatase inhibitor; antitumor; inhibitor of Sulfotransferase 1A1 (or P-PST).
Kaempherol is the chemical in oriental plane tree buds responsible for making estrogen less carcinogenic by working on the receptor without taking good estrogen out. This activity has a positive effect on the body being estriol there are three major types of estrogen being estriol estradiol and estrogen.
Kaempferol is a sterol with both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities, which are biphasic (bipolar actions) in response on estrogen receptors. Kaempferol induces strong antiproliferative effect; exhibits cytotoxicity against breast cancer, endometrial cancer, testicular cancer, prostate cancer, anticancer, anticarcinomic, antileukemic, antimelanomic, antitumor, apoptotic, cytotoxic. Kaempferol can help to fight cancer by reducing the resistance of cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs such as vinblastine and paclitaxel. Indole Acetic Acid IAA Auxins, which are found in Auxins, stimulate an enzyme that makes estrogen less effective, thus reducing the risk for breast and prostate cancer.Two Kaempferol coumaroyl glycosides (i.e., Platanoside and Tiliroside, Kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-(2"-E-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnopyranoside, as well as the flavonoids Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-(6"-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside, which disrupt estrogen receptors. Abscisic Acid (ABA), a plant stress hormone is a naturally occurring compound in embryonic plants. It is a sesquiterpenoid (15-carbon). Abscisic acid is a close relative of vitamin A, known for its anti-tumor activity.
The estrogenic and/or anti-estrogenic biphasic effects and now because it contains also plant stem cells adaptive bipolar actions in differentiation becoming specialized of kaempferol, which can confirm its potency as a preventive agent against estrogen-related diseases. Kaempferol and quercetin decrease the binding affinities of ER cancers.
Several putative mechanisms that could account for the hypothesized chemopreventive effects of phytoestrogens have been proposed. Most prominently, phytoestrogens have been suggested to exert strong anti-estrogenic effects, thereby inhibiting development of hormone-related cancers. All other phytoestrogens, including the flavonoids that are present in many foods, showed only agonistic activity. In previous in vitro studies involving ER, only agonistic or at best partial antagonistic activities instead of complete antagonistic activities were reported.
Several other mechanisms for the proposed chemopreventive effects of flavonoids have been suggested, including induction of cancer cell differentiation, inhibition of protein tyrosine kinases, suppression of angiogenesis, and direct antioxidant effects.
★Rosemary – Rosmarinus officinalis (young shoots): Contains Carnosic-Acid 73.9% and Carnosol 14.7% (major diterpenes), anticancer phytochemicals; antimutagenic; anti-inflammatory; antiplatelet; apoptotic; chemoprotective. Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Carnosic acid prevents the migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the activation and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and NF-kB activation; appears to enhance the anti-cancer activity of vitamin D (3) and its analogs.
★★Rye – Secale cereale (embryonic germinating seed-rootlets): Use as anti-estrogenic and antimutagenic for hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate, bowel, and breast; for androgen hormone-dependent/independent cancers and other androgen conditions hyper or hypo functions. (Please refer to Silver Birch embryonic seeds to know more about plant growth, and immune and stress hormones.) Beta-1,3 glucans have been used in immuno-adjuvant therapy for cancer since 1980, primarily in Japan. Numerous studies report that beta-1, 3 glucans have anti-tumor and anti-cancer activity. In one study, intralesional administration of beta-1,3 glucans resulted in rapid tumor shrinkage. Rye extract is excellent in regulating autoimmune conditions, and studies have shown that it can also improve the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Matairesinol is a lignan found in S. cereale that can be classified as phytoestrogenic, antiestrogenic, antimutagenic, and antiviral--properties all associated with plant lignans. Research reveals antioxidant capabilities of lignans.
Experimental trials involving humans, animals and in vitro experiments exhibit the protective effect lignans have against cancer and heart disease. Genistein is an isoflavone that can be classified as a phytoestrogen and has been widely studied for its anticancer properties. Research has shown that genistein can inhibit 5 alpha reductase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid in vitro. It inhibits the metabolism of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate, bowel, and breast. The embryonic seed of rye contains great quantities of sterols and sterolins. Epidemiological studies also show that consumption of plant sterols reduces the risk of cancer of colon, prostate, ovary, stomach and breast. S. cereale reduces tumor incidence, slows tumor growth, and prevents cancer metastasis. Will effectively reduce the PSA at a dose of 10-15-30 drops 3 x a day.
★Silver Birch – Betula verrucosa (buds):
Phytochemical Constituents: The buds are balsamic and contain 4 to 6% of essential oil; also contain Acacetin, Apigenin, Auxins indole acetic acid IAA, Avicularin, Betulin, Betuloventic acid, Brassinosteroids (in much smaller quantity), Cubenol, Cytokinins, Dammarane sapogenins triterpenoids the content is less than that of the flower male catkins.
Renal – Uro Genital System: P B. verrucosa is a milder diuretic than the internal embryonic bark of the White Birch; stimulates and detoxifies the kidneys; for albuminuria, infectious urinary lithiasis, uricolytis, nephritis, pyelitis, And adult polycystic kidney disease. The buds hasten the removal of waste products in the urine, block the formation of uric acid and are beneficial for kidney stones and bladder stones, rheumatic conditions, and gout. With the help of papyriferic acid, a secondary metabolite of (dammarane-triterpenoids) on sapling twigs, prostate associated dysuria causes snowshoe hares (rabbits) to pass more sodium with their urine. This loss of sodium indicates birch’s defenses, including papyriferic acid, which are potential hypertension drugs. Only mature trees and embryonic buds of the Silver Birch contains papyriferic acid about 50%. But none is found in the White Birch buds B. pubescens.
Oncological Urology: P Acacetin (AC) has been shown to be effective against human prostate cancer (PCA). LNCaP cell line was established from a metastatic lesion of human prostatic adenocarcinoma and DU145 cells have moderate metastatic potential compared to PC3 cells, which have high metastatic potential. Betuloventic acid, as an anti-cancer drug has generated considerable interest. The compound has exhibited up to 96% inhibition of prostate tumor growth acid arrested mitosis and induced apoptosis. Synergy of various phytochemicals oncophytoembryonic therapy for prostate cancer.
★Silver Birch – Betula verrucosa (embryonic germinating seed-rootlets): Here you have an unsurpassed synergy of phytohormones, but the Brassinosteroids (sterols) are far more potent than the other hormones. The highest concentration of Brassinosteroids is found in the embryonic germinating seeds of Maize, Rye and Silver Birch seeds.
Prominent Phytochemical Constituents: Sesquiterpene Abscisic acid (ABA), Anthocyanins, Apigenins, Auxins Indoleacetic acid oxidase activity (IAA), Betulene and Betulenol, Brassinosteroids (BR) far more potent than the other hormones, (+)-catechin, Soluble condensed tannins, Chlorogenic acid, Cinnamic acid, Condensed Tannins, Cytokinins (CK), Ellagic acid, Ellagitannin, Flavan-3-ol, Gallic acid - Catechins, Gibberellins (GA), Jasmonates-Jasmonic acid (JA), Methyl jasmonate (MJA), Kaempferol, Meristems plant stem cells (PSC), Quercetin, Myricetin, Kaempferol, Phenylalanine, Phenolics.
Brassinosteroids (C27, C28 and C29) are considered to be key hormones in the world of the plant kingdom. Plant growth and stress hormones are similar in many respects to animal steroids but appear to function very differently at the cellular level. In animal cells, steroids use internal receptor molecules to get a response within the cell’s nucleus. In plant cells, the receptors are anchored to the cell membrane’s outside surface. BRs are cell correctors regaining normal growth--drugs of the future! They are the Polycrest Androgen regulators of hyper or hypo conditions, eliminating androgens and protecting against hormone excess. Their ability to inhibit Androgen Receptor activity help to control the alteration or expression of androgens linked with prostate cancer cell growth. These phytohormones have shown to be effective in a micromolar (one-millionth of a mole per liter) range, despite having minimal effects on normal cells.
Brassinosteroids are the ultimate human hormonal regulator with biphasic-bipolar actions. Let us look at the nuclear events controlling brassinosteroid responses at the genomic level. By doing so, we can lessen the gap in the mystery associated with the events between steroid binding at the cell surface and these nuclear mechanisms. BRs are HMG-CoA reductase (“natural statins") and are central to the synthesis of sterols and steroids, including the steroid hormones. Brassinosteroids reduce several mammalian steroids with a 3-oxo,D4,5 structure, including testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone. These receptors achieve their physiological functions by binding to specific DNA sequences (hormone response elements), thus activating or suppressing target gene expression in a ligand-dependent manner. BR is a novel steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor for the prostate, catalyzing the reduction of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
Androgen action in mammals can be regulated at the pre-receptor level by the intracellular formation and degradation of potent androgens, such as 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT). In androgen target tissues (e.g. prostate), 5α-DHT is formed from circulating testosterone by the action of the type 2 steroid 5α-reductase (5α-R), and its action is terminated by the action of a reductive 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD) which forms the weak androgen 3α-androstanediol. Oxidative 3α-HSD isoforms, however, can provide an alternative source of potent androgens by converting 3α-androstanediol to 5α-DHT. Working in concert, 5α-Rs and 3α-HSDs determine the amount and the type of androgen available for the androgen receptor and hence affect transcription of genes under androgen control. In peripheral tissues (e.g. liver), type 1 5α-R and reductive 3α-HSD isoforms work consecutively to eliminate androgens and protect against hormone excess. Thus, different 5α-R and 3α-HSD isoforms participate in distinct anabolic and catabolic processes, and their important roles in androgen action render them drug targets for the treatment of androgen-dependent diseases.
Abstract The normal development and maintenance of the prostate is dependent on androgen acting through the androgen receptor (AR). AR remains important in the development and progression of prostate cancer. AR expression is maintained throughout prostate cancer progression, and the majority of androgen-independent or hormone refractory prostate cancers express AR. Mutation of AR, especially mutations that result in a relaxation of AR ligand specificity, may contribute to the progression of prostate cancer and the failure of endocrine therapy by allowing AR transcriptional activation in response to anti-androgens or other endogenous hormones. Similarly, alterations in the relative expression of AR coregulators have been found to occur with prostate cancer progression and may contribute to differences in AR ligand specificity or transcriptional activity. Prostate cancer progression is also associated with increased growth factor production and an altered response to growth factors by prostate cancer cells. The kinase signal transduction cascades initiated by mitogenic growth factors modulate the transcriptional activity of AR and the interaction between AR and AR coactivators. The inhibition of AR activity through mechanisms in addition to androgen ablation, such as modulation of signal transduction pathways, may delay prostate cancer progression.
(Reference: Endocrine Review. 2004 April; 25(2): 276-308. Heinlein, CA, Chang C., George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.)
Serum androgens in individuals affected by myotonic dystrophy are known to be lower on average than in normal controls. However, females developed diseases that are androgen dependent, including acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, androgenetic alopecia and keratosis pilaris. These cases support the hypothesis that the peripheral response to androgens rather than absolute circulating levels of androgens is important in androgen-dependent conditions.
(References: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Elsevier News. Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 79-94.)
Hematology Oncology: Abscisic acid suppresses the proliferation of human cancer cells and induces apoptosis. Stimulation of enzymes by Indoles, which are found in Auxins, stimulate enzymes that make estrogen less effective and thus could reduce the risk for breast cancer. Indoles detoxify excess xenoestrogens. Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA), in combination with the plant enzyme peroxidase, produced toxic by-products that destroyed cancerous tumors while leaving the body's healthy tissues unscathed. The coordination between auxins and cytokinins allows for a balance of growth. Cytokinins inhibit, while auxins stimulate. Anticancer and antiproliferative activity of natural cytotoxic brassinosteroids provide the first evidence that natural BRs can inhibit the growth (at micromolar concentrations) of several human cancer cell lines without affecting the growth of normal cells. Therefore, these plant hormones are promising leads for potential anticancer drugs.
Both blood cancers and solid tumors seem to be responsive to the jasmonate compound (methyl jasmonate), which increases the amount of paclitaxel (Taxol) produced. MJ is probably the most potent anti-cancer and anti-leukemia agent known to man and is completely non-toxic to normal cells. A scientific recent study shows that MJ kills prostate cancer cells via the inactivation of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. (Reference: www.grouppekurosawa.com.)
Products of the 5-LOX gene are involved in the growth of all cancers. Prostate cancer cells appear to be extremely sensitive to the inhibition of the 5-LOX enzyme. As this study shows, 5-LOX inhibitors can induce apoptosis/necrosis in extremely malignant prostate cancer cells within hours. Because jasmonates are involved in an apoptotic response to plant stress, the ability of jasmonates to suppress replication of mammalian cancer cell lines is of clinical importance. The cytotoxicity of jasmonates was compared to that of the plant stress hormone sodium salicylate, which is also known to be cytotoxic to mammalian cancer cells. Polyamines (PAs), e.g., putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, constitute a group of cell components that are important in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell differentiation. There is also evidence suggesting a role for polyamines in programmed cell death. It is now clear that the polyamines play important roles in a number of cellular processes such as replication, transcription, and translation. Presumably these roles are exerted by specific interactions that can only be mediated by the cationic polyamines with their characteristic, unique, and flexible charge distributions.
Infectious Disease-Immunology: Abscisic acid (ABA) is also involved in the stimulation of human granulocytes with cyclic ADP-ribose as second messenger (Bruzzone S et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA 2007, 104, 5759), and possibly other immune cell types, by activating chemokinesis. ABA also stimulates phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (which help kill pathogens) and nitric oxide (another cytokine); regulates immune system by cytokines’ activity. Cytokinins are immunomodulating agents (interleukins, interferons, etc.).
★★★White Birch – Betula pubescens (flower male-catkins) The Androgen Polycrest
Hematology-Oncology: Catkins are astringents and can be used to control bleeding and to aid healing. The backbone of dammarane sapogenins is a tetracyclic terpene of the dammarane series that arrests cancer proliferation and induces cancer cell apoptosis through multiple mechanisms, thus serving as cancer prevention agents, e.g., in tumors. Its tumor inhibitory effect has been seen in human prostate cancer, breast estrogen receptive cancer and pancreatic cancer animal models. Dammarane sapogenins can kill a very wide range of cancer cells of different origins with varying genetic backgrounds. MCF-7 is a human breast cancer cell line, PC3 is human prostate cancer, SF188 is human brain cancer and 9L is rat brain tumor. All of these cells are responsive to dammarane sapogenins cytotoxicity within a narrow dose range. In addition, dammarane sapogenins also induce apoptosis in cancer cells of different genetic background. Dammarane sapogenins and their analogs have shown that they can destroy cancer cells independent of their p53 and PTEN genetic status.
Inducing cancer cell apoptosis is achieved through multiple mechanisms: (1) activating a series of enzymes inside cells in an orderly fashion and resulting in cancer cell death through activating apoptosis pathways; (2) activating multiple caspases and inducing cancer cell apoptosis; (3) raising high levels of free radicals inside cancer cells to cause apoptosis; and (4) Inhibiting the process of Akt phosphorylation and shutting down the survival pathway of cancer cells. Dammarane sapogenins activate multiple caspases and induce cancer cell apoptosis.
Oligo-elements: B, Cu, Fe, I, K, Mb, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Se, Si, Su, Ti, Zn.
Vitamins and Minerals: , B-1, B-2 B-3, B-5, B-6, B-12, Biotin, C, Calcium, Choline, D, Folic Acid, E, Inositol, K, Lecithin, Choline, Inositol.
Phytochemical Constituents: Brassinosteroids, 22 amino acids, powerful antioxidants; dammarane sapogenins.
★★★Betulinic Acid Concentrate: Made with White Birch – Betula Pubescens ( embryonic internal bark of roots) and Sweet Almond – Prunus amygdalus ( embryonic husk and embryonic fruit).
Is a broad-spectrum embryonic extract with many anticancer biological activities and is used as an oncophytoembryonic therapy to treat, inhibit and/or prevent malignant tumors of the colon, small intestine, stomach, breast, melanoma, glioblastoma, lung, cervix, ovary, prostate, oral cavity, larynx, liver, pancreas, kidney, bladder, endothelial cells, leukemia and myeloma. The concentrate uses an herbal extract of White Birch embryonic internal and external bark with Sweet Almond embryonic husk and embryonic fruits rich in betulinic acid and other synergistic phytochemical composition. An advantage of the extract is that the betulinic acid has low systemic toxicity. The extract inhibits Protein Kinase C activity of cancer cells and induces apoptosis, inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factors and thus causing an antiangiogenic effect.
★★Sweet Almond – Prunus amygdalus (husk and fruit) is a stone fruit related to cherry, plum, and peach, containing Betulinic acid, which showed antiproliferative activity toward MCF-7 cells (GI50 = 0.27 μM), higher than the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil; also contains Morin (3, 5, 7, 2’, 4’-pentahydroxyflavone) P-glycoprotein (P-gp) with ATPase activity inhibitors; exhibits potential cytotoxicity; as neuroprotective of the aging brain. Morin also has pleiotropic effects on kinase signaling pathways, including inhibition of activation of protein kinase B by mutagens (but not extracellular-regulated kinases 1/2) and activation of the stress pathway kinases, Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase. p38 kinase activation is functionally important since inhibition of its activation by the specific inhibitor SB202190 partially prevented cell cycle arrest by morin.
Interactions: Sweet Almond – P. amygdalus (husk and fruit): Consumption may cause drowsiness with interaction of benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and narcotics. Oligo-elements: Cu, Fe, I, K, Mg, Mn, P, Zn.
Vitamins and Minerals: B-1, B-2, B-3, B-5, B-6, B-9 Folic acid, C, Calcium, E, B-9 Folic acid.
Prominent Phytochemical Constituents: Amadin (for antigenicity), Arginine, Aspartic-Acid, Benzaldehyde, Beta-Carotene, Betulinic acids, Corosolic acid, Daucosterol, Kaempferol, Morin (2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one), Naringenin 7-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, Oleic-Acid, larger amount of Olein than Olive but devoid of chlorophyll, Prunasin, Quercetin, Quercitrin, Resveratrol, Rutinoside, Serine, Sphingolipids Stearic-Acid, The sterols (3β,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol (stigmasterol) and (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol (β-sitosterol), Tannin, Taxi Olin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Uridine, Ursolic acid, Valine, Vanillic Acid. A new unusual sesquiterpene lactone, named amygdalactone, was isolated from the hulls of almond (Prunus amygdalus). The cytotoxic activity of amygdalactone produces a new unusual kauranoid diterpene glycoside, named amygdaloside. The phenols from the embryonic husks showed a higher antioxidant capacity of 58 %. Another proteid body, which is likewise soluble in water, is present in the almonds. It was named conglutin, by Ritthausen, while Comaille denominated it amandin.
★★Sweet Almond – Prunus amygdalus (husk) phytochemicals: The lignocellulosic residues from the husks are used to optimize the yield of polyphenolic antioxidant compounds. The antioxidant power of these extracts was evaluated by the ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, the superoxide anion radical (O2), the hydroxyl radical (OH), or the peroxyl radical (ROO). The total phenolics content from husks showed potent antioxidant capacity of 58%, reducing ROS species. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), one of three ligand-activated transcription factors named PPAR, has been identified as a molecular target for cancer chemopreventive agents. PPARγ was initially understood as a regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis while later on, it became evident that it is also involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis, biological processes which are hallmarks of cancer. It is now established that PPARγ ligands can induce cell differentiation and yield early antineoplastic effects in several tumor types. Moreover, several bioactive natural products with cancer protecting potential are shown to operate through activation of PPARγ. Overall, PPARγ appears to be a prevalent target ally to cancer chemopreventive agents. Thus research in this area is of great relevance.
Triturated with water, sweet almonds produce a white mixture called emulsion or milk of almonds, which possesses a very remarkable analogy with animal milk; it contains a. great quantity of oil, kept in suspension in water by the presence of sugar, gum, and albumen, and is used as a demulcent and as a vehicle for other medicines. It is frequently employed in cough, diseases attended with intestinal irritation, and for mitigating the acrimony of the urine in calculus affections.
A proteid is a protein and one of a class of principles which are amorphous and nitrogenous. As a rule, proteids also contain such constituents as a small amount of sulphur, an albuminoid as blood fibrin, casein of milk, etc. Proteids are present in nearly all animal fluids and make up the greater part of the organs and tissues of animals. Proteids are also important constituents of the tissues of vegetables. The word proteid is derived from the Greek word for “first.”
The words proteid and protein are almost similar. However both are defined as organic compounds which are made up of such elements as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and also traces of other elements. They are essential to life in food and as a part of every living cell. Proteinaceous and proteinous are the adjective form of the word protein.
Many, perhaps all, colorless plants can make the most complex foods (proteids), provided simpler foods and necessary salts are supplied. Only green plants, however, and of these only the green parts, can make carbohydrate foods, like sugars, starch and the like, out of carbon dioxide and water. When these foods have been formed in sufficient amount, the green plants can also produce proteids. Most plants make more food than they require. Reserve food is stored, usually in solid form, in special tissues. Nuts, peas, beans, and lentils are far richer than any kind of flesh in these elements, and they have this enormous advantage, that the proteids are pure, and therefore contain all the energy originally stored up in them during their organization. In the animal body these proteids which the animal has absorbed from the vegetable kingdom during its life, are constantly passing down to disorganization, during which descent the energy originally stored in them is released. Consequently what has been used already by one animal cannot be utilized by another. The proteids are estimated in some of this analysis by the amount of nitrogen contained therein, but in flesh-meat there are many products of tissue-change such as urea, uric acid, and creatine all of which contain nitrogen and are therefore estimated as proteids, though they have no food value whatever.
Nor is this all the evil; for this tissue-change is necessarily accompanied by the formation of various poisons, which are always to be found in flesh of any kind. In many cases the virulence of these poisons is high. In fact, any nourishment to be gained from the eating of the dead flesh is obtainable only because during its life the animal consumed vegetable matter. Thus this nourishment is insufficient since the animal has already used up half, and along with the fish come various undesirable substances, and even some active poisons, which are, of course, distinctly deleterious.
Betulinic acid, which is found in several species of plants, has shown pro-PPARγ activities in cancer and downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and cyclin D1. The human PPARγ gene consists of six coding exons located at chromosome 3p25.2 and extends approximately over100kb of genomic DNA. Apoptosis is believed to be a fundamental molecular mechanism through which PPARγ activators exert their action against cells which undergo malignant transformation. Moreover, apart from their direct inhibitory effects on cancerous transformed cells, PPARγ can also inhibit angiogenesis which is a prerequisite for tumor formation and growth. It is suggested that the antiangiogenic activity of PPARγ can be accomplished either by blocking the production the angiogenic ELR+CXC chemokines by cancer transformed cells or by inducing expression of the thrombospondin-1 receptor CD36 in endothelial cells. In addition, latest exciting data, which showed that PPARγ agonists were able to inhibit the canonical WNT signaling in human breast cancer, colonic epithelium cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, raises hopes that such agents can possibly block cancer initiation at a stem cell level.
(References: V. G. Keshamouni, D. A. Arenberg, R. C. Reddy, M. J. Newstead, S. Anthwal, et al., "PPAR-gamma activation inhibits angiogenesis by blocking ELR+CXC chemokine production in non-small cell lung cancer," Neoplasia, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 294-301, 2005.
H. Huang, S. C. Campbell, D. F. Bedford, T. Nelius, D. Veliceasa, et al., "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands improve the antitumor efficacy of thrombospondin peptide ABT510," Mol Cancer Res, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 541-550, 2004.
M. F. McCarty, J. Barroso-Aranda, F. Contreras "PPAR gamma agonists can be expected to potentiate the efficacy of metronomic chemotherapy through CD36 up-regulation," Med Hypotheses, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 419-423, 2008.) ★★★White Birch – Betula pubescens (bark of roots internal and external): This is a Polycrest Apotosis Agent--a chemotherapeutic agent without toxicity. The embryonic internal White Bark of Root mix with the husk and embryonic fruit of the Sweet Almond Tree is where betulinic acid is most concentrated. Stimulate the central nervous and neuro humoral (they increase the activity of estrogens) systems of organism, improve metabolism including activation of metabolism in cerebral tissue, restore activity of stagnant systems, regulate the activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, stimulate the homogeny (increase the level of leukocytes), act as the over-all strengthening means, increase the resistibility to infectious diseases, possess antipyretic properties during the internal and local application, strengthen the cytostatic activity of antitumorigenic preparations, detains increase of tumors, causes their gradual regression and slows down the development of metastases, i.e. they themselves possess cytostatic action. In this case the health of patients considerably improves, their fitness for work is restored, and general tone rises.
Hematology – Oncology: Melanoma. PPARγ agonist, TNF – Tumor Necrosis Factor and NIGF – Nerve Growth Factor, p53 oncogene, anti-angiogenic activity of BetA occurs through a modulation of mitochondrial function rather than APN activity in endothelial cells, Adaptosis. Apoptotic, Topoisomerases Inhibitor. Protein Kinase Inhibitors by amphiphilic triterpenoids; Nitric Oxide Inhibitor, Prostaglandin-Inhibitor Prostate, Antimetastatic. Inhibit the growth of different kinds of tumors, Cancers of the brain medulloblastoma and glioblastoma cells, breast, colon, esophagus, lymphoma, stomach, non-small cell lung carcinoma, selective inhibitor of human melanoma and other skin cancers. Has exhibited up to 92% inhibition of prostate tumor growth.
Immunology Infectious Diseases: B. pubescens is high in betulinic acid, a phytochemical isolated from birch trees, which demonstrates significant immune-supporting actions and has an affinity for tissues that have a low pH. Specifically,splenic lymphocytes translate and activity of NK cell, antitumor, Increases WBC’s and Interferon production. BA is adaptogenic. Typically, unhealthy joint tissue will maintain a lower pH, attracting this potent phytochemical to that area; supporting healthy immune function where it is needed most. Oligo-elements: Co, Cu Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn.
Vitamins and Minerals: A, B-1, B-2, Calcium, E, Inositol.
Prominent Phytochemical Constituents: Pentacyclic triterpenes Betulin, Betulinic acid, Betulin 3-caffeate, B-Sitosterol, Catechin-Gallic acid, Chlorogenic Acid, Diarylheptanoid glucoside Platyphylloside, Kaempferol, Moronic acid, lignan glycosides lyoniside, nudiposide, (−)-isolariciresinol, 3 a-O-B-D-xylopyranoside. A new Oleanene-type triterpene, named betuloleanolic acid acetate and fernane-type triterpenes, namely betufernanediol A and betufernanediol B (isomers) have been isolated from the stem bark of embryonic Birch.
Biological Activities: Birch bark contains a variety of apoptosis-inducing and anti-inflammatory substances; aphidifuge; cytotoxic; hypolipemic; anti-actinic keratoses; antioxidant; antibacterial; anticarcinomic; antimutagenic; anti-inflammatory; antitumor; apoptotic. Dosage: 50 to 100 drops, 3 times a day.
Betulin (lup-20(29)-ene-3β,28-diol) is an abundant naturally-occurring triterpene. It is commonly isolated from the bark of embryonic bark about 30% of the White birch where it is more concentrated and smaller amount about 10% is found in the buds of Silver birch trees. It can be converted to betulinic acid, which is biologically more active than betulin itself.
Betulinic acid has generated considerable interest as an anti-cancer drug. The compound has exhibited up to 96% inhibition of prostate tumor growth acid arrested mitosis and induced apoptosis. Betulinic acid is a new cytotoxic agent fighting malignant brain-tumor cells, medulloblastoma and glioblastoma cells and neuroectodermal tumor cells, including neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, glioblastoma and Ewing's sarcoma cells. Betulinic acid was reported as a selective inhibitor of human melanoma.
Examinations conducted in the Russian Institute of Pharmacology showed that the complex of substances forming part of white part of birch bark possesses high antimutagenic activity, capable of lowering the number of mutations in the chromosomes and the genes, the frequency of the appearance of hereditary changes in the organism. The antimutagenic action of the substances of white part of birch bark is connected with their capability for the suppression of free-radical oxidation, and in the ability of white part of birch bark to induce the production of interferon’s, which, as it’s known, positively influence the processes of reparation of DNA. The substances, contained in white part of birch bark contribute to the decrease of hypoxia and to increase of the stability of organism to the oxygen deficiency, being antihypoxant correcting the metabolism of cells.
The antioxidant activity of betulin is connected with its direct effect on the ferments of the antioxidant protection, whose basic functional role consists of the decomposition of organic peroxides, including all peroxides of lipids, which play paramount role in the disturbance of the normal structure of biological membranes. Substances forming betulin possess a high gepatoprotektornoy and detoxifying activity, inducing the ferments of the rendering safe system of the liver, it normalizes bile secretion, reduces cholesterol level in the blood.
(References: This study for Prostate cancer was funded in part by Marc Pharmaceuticals. NY July 24,2006. Dr. Saxena, scientists have been aware of the anti-cancer potential of the birch bark compound betulinol, and its derivative, betulonic acid, since the 1970s.
Co-authors included Dr. Arkadiy Bomshteyn, Dr. Meirong Hao, Ms. Eileen Kisilis, Dr. Meena Katdare and Dr. Ozgur Oktem — all of Weill Medical College of Cornell University; and Dr. Lei Zhu, of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Institute, New York City.)
The Journal of Immunology (2003, 171: 3278-3286) reported that Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the bark of the White Birch tree, has been shown to be a selective inducer of apoptosis in cancerous tumor cells. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.
A group of NIEHS-supported researchers at the Texas A&M Health Sciences Center reports that betulinic acid might be an effective treatment for prostate cancer. In a series of experiments using prostate cancer cell cultures and an animal model of prostate cancer, betulinic acid treatment decreased the growth of the cancer cells. Further work elucidated the mechanism of betulinic acid’s effect. The compound induced proteosome-dependent degradation of the specificity protein transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 in the prostate cancer cells. These factors are over expressed in many tumor types.
These results indicate the anti-tumor effects of betulinic acid are associated with specific degradation of specificity protein transcription factors resulting in the inhibition of blood vessel formation and the activation of pro-apoptotic responses in tumors but not in non-target tissues exhibiting low specificity protein expression. Ongoing studies with betulinic acid are investigating tumor-type similarities and more potent formulations for possible new chemotherapeutic agents.
(References: Chintharlapalli S, Papineni S, Ramaiah SK, Safe S. Betulinic acid inhibits prostate cancer growth through inhibition of specificity protein transcription factors. Cancer Res. 2007 Mar 15; 67(6):2816-23.) ★Wheat – Triticum Aestivum (young shoots): Glucosinolates are sulphur containing glycosides that accumulate in tissues of cruciferous crops and also in many embryonic plants especially of interest here is Wheat/Grass. Following consumption, deglycosylation occurs due to the action of plant or microbial thioglucosinases ('myrosinases') leading to unstable compounds that rearrange, resulting in the formation of isothiocyanates, indoles found also in embryonic plant phytohormone “Auxin Indole Acetic Acid” (IAA) and a small number of other products. Epidemiological studies have consistently reported a reduction in incidence of chronic disease such as cancer and myocardial infarction through the consumption of one or more portions of cruciferous vegetables per week in the prevention of colon cancer, other digestive cancers, breast cancer, and prostate cancer.
Abscisic acid (ABA) Biological Activities: • Acts as a Human Cytokine which ultimately control every aspect of body defense • Suppresses the proliferation and induces apoptosis in human cancer cells • Activate Chemokinesis, random (interleukin-8) • Stimulation of Human Granulocytes • Stimulates Phagocytosis • Stimulates the production of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS (which help kill pathogens) • Stimulation of Cyclic ADP-ribose • Triggers Nitric Oxide production NO (another cytokine) • Abscisic acid is a close relative of Vitamin A • Highly stable inhibitor of the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway against broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antiprotozoal activity without mechanism-based toxicity to humans • Stimulates the endocrinal glands resulting in more secretions of enzymes and hormones • Abscisic acid neutralizes the effect of chorionic gonadotropin, the hormone that protects the fetus from being rejected • Stimulator of insulin release from human pancreatic beta cells regeneration will help lower the blood sugar level • Helps losing weight, removal of toxins from the body, and promotes digestion There are three functional categories of cytokines: Cytokines that regulate innate immune responses Cytokines that regulate adaptive Immune responses Cytokines that stimulate hematopoiesis. The production of blood cellular components from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
White Willow – Salix alba (buds)
Hematology Oncology: Anticoagulant: The mechanism of its cancer preventive action may be the suppression of inflammatory processes such as cyclooxygenase-2 expression, the inhibition of mitosis, and the induction of apoptosis at various stages in the progression and promotion of cancer. Salicylates-Salicylic acid (SA) Biological Activities: Suppress the proliferation in lymphoblastic leukemia, prostate, breast and melanoma in human cancer cells induce apoptosis.
Renal – Uro Genital System: Help soothe an irritated urinary tract especially post urinary Lithiasis. Also may lead to hyperuricemia, Gout which is one of the few contraindication of White Willow but these side effects have yet to be reported by the use of embryonic buds of White Willow. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Oenothein A and oenothein B, as the main constituents responsible for the inhibition of the two enzymes Inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase and aromatase. Its anti-inflammatory properties work quickly to shrink an enlarged prostate. Restore proper function of the urinary tract.
Wormwood – Artemisia Annua (young shoots): Artemisinin in that treatment of human breast cancer and some form of prostate cancer cells with this plant compound disrupts estrogen responsiveness and stops cell growth.
Xenoestrogen Detoxification Indoles, which are found in auxins and other embryonic plants, stimulate an enzyme that makes estrogen less effective, thus reducing the risk for breast and prostate estrogen cancer.
Glucuronic-Acid is a powerful detoxifier, normally produced in the healthy human liver with the ability to bind to and excrete both metabolic and environmental toxins, including heavy metals; works by assisting in the phase II liver detoxification pathway, leading to efficient elimination of endogenous and exogenous bodily wastes; antidote (Camphor); antidote (Morphine); antihepatotoxic; detoxicant; removes toxins and excess xenoestrogens. Uronic acid of glucose conjugates various substances in the liver for detoxification.
A healthy system uses detoxifying enzymes to conjugate and bind carcinogens to glucuronic acid. This complex is then called a glucuronide complex. These toxins can now be safely eliminated. Glucuronic-Acid inhibits beta-glucuronidase so that glucuronidation is not reversed. Simply put, toxins and estrogen bound for excretion stay bound, thus the total toxin and estrogen load on the body is reduced.
Conjugation and Glucuronidation are detoxification processes that occur when toxins, carcinogens, and used hormones are combined with and bound to water-soluble substances in the liver, thus making them more easily removed from the body. D-glucarate has been shown to support this vital process by inhibiting an enzyme called beta-glucuronidase that can break bonds between toxins and used hormones, allowing them to be re-circulated into the blood stream rather than excreted.
Poor estrogen metabolism in middle aged men has been attributed to various causes, including regular alcohol use, obesity, zinc deficiency, and exposure to drugs or environmental chemicals. Progesterone helps prevent estrogen from becoming harmful to our health (among other protective factors). Therefore, supplementing with a natural progesterone cream can help correct hormonal imbalances that cause symptoms associated with estrogen dominance.
Source: Horse Chestnut – Aesculus hippocastanum (buds): Take 10 drops, 3 times a day with Juniper – Juniperus communis (young shoots): 6 drops, 3 times a day.
Horse Chesnut buds assist in the proper detoxification of plastic-hardening chemical called hydroxylated diphenylalkanes or Bisphenols A BPA, similar to the hormone estrogen, is used to seal canned food and make shatterproof bottles. It is also used in hundreds of household items, from sunglasses to CDs. Bisphenol-A has been found to interrupt the functioning of the hormone system which is linked to reproductive complications, early onset of puberty, liver and thyroid damage and testicular cancer. Polyvinyl chloride Phthalates are chemicals added to plastic to make it soft and flexible these toxic chemicals are easily released. Auxins Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) which detoxifies excess xenoestrogens. Saponins seem to react with the cholesterol rich membranes of cancer cells, thereby limiting their growth and viability. Warnings: Orally administered aescin has an absorption half-life of about 1 hour and an elimination half-life of about 20 hours. May prolong APTT, PTT, INR. Horse chestnut has an anti-clotting action, people taking medications such as Coumadin, Plavix or Ticlid, as well as those who use aspirin therapy to reduce blood clotting, should avoid the use of horse chestnut. This plant in the adult stage is potentially toxic contaminated with toxic metals if ingested and should not be used internally contrary to the embryonic form which is completely safe and non toxic. Juniper young shoots assist in the proper detoxification of plastic-hardening chemical called hydroxylated diphenylalkanes or Bisphenols A BPA, similar to the hormone estrogen, is used to seal canned food and make shatterproof bottles. It is also used in hundreds of household items, from sunglasses to CDs. Bisphenol-A has been found to interrupt the functioning of the hormone system which is linked to reproductive complications, early onset of puberty, liver and thyroid damage and testicular cancer. Polyvinyl chloride Phthalates are chemicals added to plastic to make it soft and flexible these toxic chemicals are easily released.
CAUTION: AVOID USING PLASTIC CONTAINERS.
CONCLUSION Imbalances of estrogen can increase the activity of harmful substances—xenoestrogens--that promote cancer cell growth. The anti-estrogenic and apoptotic properties of oncophytoembryonic plants supply the body with a team of potent cancer fighters and estrogen blockers that neutralize these harmful substances. Plant stem cell properties offer an effective line of protection against exposure to xenoestrogens. PSC’s amazing phytochemical agents make up the winning formula to protect the body from the harmful agents that threaten good prostate health. Xenoestrogens a synthetic substances that imitate the effects of estrogens, such as bisphenols and phthalates maybe one of the cause to contribute to the dramatic decline in bioavailable testosterone and sperm count that has been observed in American men over the past 50 years. This same period has coincided with a meteoric rise in the incidence of diabetes and heart disease in the US. Optimizing testosterone levels may provide men with powerful protection against the risk of premature death and diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s, and even prostate cancer. Saw palmetto is not a plant we ever recommend to an already aging man with declining testosterone which is not the cause of most prostate cancers in the first place. |
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